Gold as a long-term holding
Gold has returned ~8% per year on average since 1971, when the US dollar was unpegged. It tends to underperform stocks in calm bull markets and outperform during inflation, currency crises, and geopolitical shocks. Most allocators treat it as ballast — not a growth bet — sized 5–20% of portfolio.
What you'll actually pay above spot
- Government bars (PAMP, Royal Mint): 3–5% over spot
- Sovereign coins (American Eagle, Maple Leaf, Krugerrand): 4–8% over spot
- Generic rounds / private mint: 2–4% over spot
- Domestic-brand bars (SJC, IBJA, Gulf News): market premium, varies country-to-country
- Jewellery: 15–60%+ over spot (making charges)